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Reading Resources
Explore the S3D Approach in Greater Depth
Whether you're looking for a quick overview or a deep dive, this page offers a variety of resources to match your needs, interests, and time. From a full-length professional development book to shorter articles, social media content, and research studies, these materials are designed to support your growth with the S3D Approach.
Each resource provides a different lens into how the S3D tools and framework can enhance small-group, student-to-student discourse—helping you reflect, plan, and strengthen your classroom practice.
About the Book
About the Book
S3D: Fostering and Improving Small-Group, Student-to-Student Discourse
Engage more deeply with the S3D Approach using this professional development guide designed to support your journey toward more equitable, student-driven math talk.
The book walks you through the four steps of the S3D Approach with clear explanations, classroom vignettes that bring the steps to life, reflection opportunities to connect the ideas to your own practice, and specific guidance for using each of the tools.
Article in NCTM's Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK–12
Article in NCTM's Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK–12
S3D: Small-Group, Student-to-Student Discourse
This article offers a practical introduction to the S3D Approach, highlighting strategies and tools to examine and improve your practice around equitable small-group, student-to-student discourse.
A shorter read than the book, it features a real teacher's experience working through the S3D process—making it a great starting point for understanding the approach in action.
Ear to the Ground Feature
Ear to the Ground Feature
Published in NCTM’s Ear to the Ground, this brief column reflects on initial challenges of fostering small-group discourse. It offers a concise overview of the S3D Approach as a pathway to addressing those challenges and supporting more equitable student talk in math classrooms.
Social Media Resources
Social Media Resources
Looking for a quicker, more informal way to engage with the S3D Approach? As an alternative to the book and articles, explore content across Instagram (@s3dmathed), X (@s3d_math), and TikTok (@s3dmathed). These posts feature short videos, tips, and insights highlighting the four steps of the S3D Approach and how to implement the tools in real classrooms.
Follow along to see the S3D tools in action—one post at a time.
Research Article
Research Article
Published in Education Sciences, this research article presents a detailed case study of a middle school mathematics teacher’s experience implementing the S3D Approach. It explores the challenges she faced, the opportunities that emerged, and how incremental, tool-supported professional development helped her foster more effective small-group, student-to-student discourse.
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