Making Math Talk Matter: 4 Steps to Productive Student Discourse

Introducing the S3D Approach

Fostering Small-Group, Student-to-Student Discourse in Mathematics

Creating space for meaningful student-to-student talk in math classrooms takes more than just good intentions—it requires a thoughtful approach.

The S3D Approach supports teachers in making purposeful, sustainable shifts in practice to promote rich small-group discourse. Each step offers guidance, tools, and reflection points to help you better understand your students, your classroom dynamics, and your role in supporting mathematical thinking through talk.

Whether you’re just getting started or looking to deepen existing practices, these four steps will help you move forward with clarity and confidence.

Special Considerations Before You Get Started

Before diving into student-to-student talk, it’s important to set the stage for success. The shift in practice is powerful—but it also takes time, reflection, and flexibility. Here are a few key considerations to keep in mind:

🔹 Take Time

Change doesn’t happen overnight. While it may be tempting to jump straight into Step 4, it’s essential to progress through Steps 1 through 3 first. The three steps—though flexible in order—form a foundation for making intentional instructional decisions in Step 4.

🔹 Start Small

Begin with one or two groups in one class and keep your groups together for about 10 weeks. Starting small helps you become familiar with the steps and tools without feeling overwhelmed. Teachers who’ve used this approach often share that the tools naturally became part of their regular teaching routine—and as confidence grew, they expanded to more groups and classes.

🔹 Talk Tools

As you monitor small-group work, use the provided tools to observe, document, and reflect on classroom discourse. These tools are designed to support—not restrict—your teaching. If you notice unique student interactions, make them your own. Your classroom is dynamic, and your toolbox should be too.

🔹 Consider Collaboration

You don’t have to go it alone. Collaborating with a colleague or team can enrich your experience. Shared goals, observations, and problem solving lead to deeper insight and more sustainable change. Set aside time to discuss what you’re seeing and learning—you’ll grow faster together.